The progressive weakening of muscles due to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affects the body’s capacity to function physically. Mobility, heart function and the respiratory system are all impacted. In combination with medical treatment, regular low-impact physical activity can help maintain muscle flexibility, improve circulation and boost morale.
The benefits of staying active with DMD
There is no cure for DMD, but new medical treatments have shown success in slowing disease progression and improving muscle strength. Staying active and working with a physical therapist can preserve muscle function and contribute to strength, flexibility and endurance.
What is DMD?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder that mainly occurs in male children, at a rate of 1 in every 5000 live births. It is the result of the mutation of the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome, inherited from the mother. Girls can be carriers, and in rare cases are affected by muscle weakness. Treatment can slow disease progression and help manage symptom management, but median life expectancy is 22 years.
How to maintain mobility with DMD
In DMD, the first muscles to lose strength and function are the proximal muscles, which are close to the body’s trunk, such as the shoulder, upper arms, hips and thighs. Over time, as the disease progresses, the hands and feet are also increasingly affected.
Physical therapy
A physical therapist is a key member of the health care team responsible for the medical management of a child or young adult living with DMD. An individual physical therapy program can help preserve muscle function, help the patient move better and maintain muscle strength and flexibility. It will be adapted through the different stages of disease progression for the best results.
Some key areas where physical therapy can be of benefit include:
- Learning to avoid movements that cause pain and muscle damage.
- Becoming familiar with orthotic devices.
- Stretching muscles that have become shortened.
- Working on mobility and motor skills to preserve independence.
- Strengthening muscles and improving posture to avoid spine curvature.
Learn more about DMD treatment and care
Regular movement
As well as adhering to a physical therapy program, it is important to move regularly for muscle strength and to improve circulation. Water-based activities are recommended, as well as cycling and walking.
Any physical activity or exercises should be approved by a physical therapist. Some tips for staying active include:
- Choosing low-impact activities.
- Stretching before and after any activity.
- Staying hydrated.
- Avoiding weights or resistance bands.
- Avoiding exercises that may cause you to overbalance or fall.
- Avoiding overexertion.
Staying strong means preserving overall health. The benefits of exercise also extend to mood and well-being, with increased blood circulation carrying more oxygen around the body.
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